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1.
Rev. epidemiol. controle infecç ; 13(4): 188-194, out.-dez. 2023. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1532210

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives: during the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of critical patients requiring intensive care increased considerably, resulting in an increase in infections due to multi-resistant microorganisms. In Brazil, in 2021, due to the high demand for polymyxin B use, there was a national shortage of the medication. One strategy used to overcome this situation was aminoglycoside use. The work aimed to analyze the impact of replacing polymyxin B with amikacin and gentamicin in the final stage of patients. Method: an analytical study with an observational, cross-sectional design, with a quantitative approach, through a retrospective analysis through the analysis of medical records, with the primary stages being discharges or deaths. Results: mortality was similar between the group treated with aminoglycoside and the group treated with polymyxin B. Within the aminoglycoside group, mortality was higher in the group that had bacteria resistant to the drug than in the group that had infection with an organism sensitive to this drug. Mortality was not affected by comorbidities, age, or number of hospital infections. The main factor that led to the need for dialysis was the combination of two nephrotoxic medications. Conclusion: two hypotheses emerged: the first would be that replacing polymyxin B with aminoglycosides did not impact mortality; the other would be that, regardless of the antibiotic group used, patients had a high risk of death. Despite sample limitations, the study corroborates the adoption of strategies for the rational use of antimicrobials.(AU)


Justificativa e Objetivos: durante a pandemia de COVID-19, o número de pacientes críticos que necessitaram de cuidados intensivos aumentou consideravelmente, resultando em aumento de infecções por microrganismos multirresistentes. No Brasil, em 2021, devido à grande demanda pelo uso da polimixina B, houve escassez nacional do medicamento. Uma estratégia utilizada para superar essa situação foi o uso de aminoglicosídeos. O trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o impacto da substituição da polimixina B por amicacina e gentamicina na fase final dos pacientes. Método: estudo analítico com desenho observacional, transversal, com abordagem quantitativa, por meio de análise retrospectiva por meio de análise de prontuários, sendo as etapas primárias as altas ou óbitos. Resultados: a mortalidade foi semelhante entre o grupo tratado com aminoglicosídeo e o grupo tratado com polimixina B. Dentro do grupo aminoglicosídeo, a mortalidade foi maior no grupo que apresentava bactérias resistentes ao medicamento do que no grupo que apresentava infecção por organismo sensível a este medicamento. medicamento. A mortalidade não foi afetada por comorbidades, idade ou número de infecções hospitalares. O principal fator que levou à necessidade de diálise foi a combinação de dois medicamentos nefrotóxicos. Conclusão: surgiram duas hipóteses: a primeira seria que a substituição da polimixina B por aminoglicosídeos não impactou a mortalidade; a outra seria que, independentemente do grupo de antibióticos utilizado, os pacientes apresentavam alto risco de morte. Apesar das limitações amostrais, o estudo corrobora a adoção de estratégias para o uso racional de antimicrobianos.(AU)


Antecedentes y Objetivos: durante la pandemia de COVID-19, el número de pacientes críticos que requirieron cuidados intensivos aumentó considerablemente, resultando en un aumento de infecciones por microorganismos multirresistentes. En Brasil, en 2021, debido a la alta demanda del uso de polimixina B, hubo escasez nacional del medicamento. Una estrategia utilizada para superar esta situación fue el uso de aminoglucósidos. El trabajo tuvo como objetivo analizar el impacto de la sustitución de la polimixina B por amikacina y gentamicina en la etapa final de los pacientes. Método: estudio analítico con diseño observacional, transversal, con enfoque cuantitativo, mediante un análisis retrospectivo mediante el análisis de historias clínicas, siendo las etapas primarias las altas o defunciones. Resultados: la mortalidad fue similar entre el grupo tratado con aminoglucósido y el grupo tratado con polimixina B. Dentro del grupo de aminoglucósido, la mortalidad fue mayor en el grupo que tenía bacterias resistentes al fármaco que en el grupo que tenía infección con un organismo sensible a este. droga. La mortalidad no se vio afectada por las comorbilidades, la edad o el número de infecciones hospitalarias. El principal factor que llevó a la necesidad de diálisis fue la combinación de dos medicamentos nefrotóxicos. Conclusión: surgieron dos hipótesis: la primera sería que la sustitución de polimixina B por aminoglucósidos no impactó la mortalidad; la otra sería que, independientemente del grupo de antibióticos utilizado, los pacientes tenían un alto riesgo de muerte. A pesar de las limitaciones de la muestra, el estudio corrobora la adopción de estrategias para el uso racional de antimicrobianos.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Polymyxin B/supply & distribution , COVID-19/mortality , Aminoglycosides/therapeutic use , Cross-Sectional Studies , Drug Utilization
2.
Chinese Journal of Hematology ; (12): 484-489, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-984648

ABSTRACT

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of polymyxin B in neutropenic patients with hematologic disorders who had refractory gram-negative bacterial bloodstream infection. Methods: From August 2021 to July 2022, we retrospectively analyzed neutropenic patients with refractory gram-negative bacterial bloodstream infection who were treated with polymyxin B in the Department of Hematology of the First Affiliated Hospital of the Soochow University between August 2021 to July 2022. The cumulative response rate was then computed. Results: The study included 27 neutropenic patients with refractory gram-negative bacterial bloodstream infections. Polymyxin B therapy was effective in 22 of 27 patients. The median time between the onset of fever and the delivery of polymyxin B was 3 days [interquartile range (IQR) : 2-5]. The median duration of polymyxin B treatment was 7 days (IQR: 5-11). Polymyxin B therapy had a median antipyretic time of 37 h (IQR: 32-70). The incidence of acute renal dysfunction was 14.8% (four out of 27 cases), all classified as "injury" according to RIFLE criteria. The incidence of hyperpigmentation was 59.3%. Conclusion: Polymyxin B is a viable treatment option for granulocytopenia patients with refractory gram-negative bacterial bloodstream infections.


Subject(s)
Humans , Polymyxin B/adverse effects , Retrospective Studies , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/complications , Fever/drug therapy , Sepsis/drug therapy , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Bacteremia/complications
3.
Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B ; (12): 130-142, 2023.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-971475

ABSTRACT

Polymyxin B, which is a last-line antibiotic for extensively drug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections, became available in China in Dec. 2017. As dose adjustments are based solely on clinical experience of risk toxicity, treatment failure, and emergence of resistance, there is an urgent clinical need to perform therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) to optimize the use of polymyxin B. It is thus necessary to standardize operating procedures to ensure the accuracy of TDM and provide evidence for their rational use. We report a consensus on TDM guidelines for polymyxin B, as endorsed by the Infection and Chemotherapy Committee of the Shanghai Medical Association and the Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Committee of the Chinese Pharmacological Society. The consensus panel was composed of clinicians, pharmacists, and microbiologists from different provinces in China and Australia who made recommendations regarding target concentrations, sample collection, reporting, and explanation of TDM results. The guidelines provide the first-ever consensus on conducting TDM of polymyxin B, and are intended to guide optimal clinical use.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , China , Drug Monitoring/methods , Polymyxin B , Practice Guidelines as Topic
4.
Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. (Online) ; 57: e19036, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1345453

ABSTRACT

Sub-therapeutic doses, shorter duration of therapy, female gender, bacteremia, and renal impairment were among independent predictors of polymyxin B treatment failure. In this study, we found an association between inappropriate doses of polymyxin B (<15000 or >25000 unit/kg/day) and renal impairment. Inappropriate doses of polymyxin B were significantly associated with CrCl 20-50 mL/min (p = 0.021, ORadj 6.660, 95% CI 1.326, 33.453) and CrCl <20 mL/min (p = 0.001, ORadj 22.200, 95% CI 3.481, 141.592). By conducting sub-group analysis only using subjects with appropriate dosage, renal impairment was not associated with polymyxin B treatment failure, thus indicating that treatment failure was due to an inappropriate dose of polymyxin B, rather than renal impairment. In conclusion, renal impairment was not directly associated with treatment failure but was due to an inappropriate dosage of polymyxin B after renal adjustment


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Polymyxin B/administration & dosage , Treatment Failure , Dosage/adverse effects , Therapeutics , Adaptation, Psychological , Bacteremia , Renal Insufficiency/drug therapy
5.
Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines Journal ; : 3-13, 2021.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-962239

ABSTRACT

@#The current strategy in treating multi-drug resistant gram-negative bacterial (MDR-GNB) infections is salvage therapy by using polymyxins. However, the beginning emergence of polymyxin resistance should enforce strict antimicrobial stewardship programs to preserve polymyxin efficacy. Knowledge of structural characteristics, pharmacodynamic, and pharmacokinetic profiles of polymyxins, as well as consideration of efficacy, safety, suitability, and cost, will help in the choice of the appropriate polymyxin for therapy. Polymyxin B is the recommended polymyxin for systemic use, while colistin is recommended for lower urinary tract infections, intraventricular, and intrathecal use. Either polymyxin can be used for hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia. Combination therapy over monotherapy remains to be advantageous due to synergism and decreased resistance development. The choice of the second drug to be used should be based on full susceptibility, or if unavailable, a drug with the least minimum inhibitory concentration relative to the breakpoint set by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Using the mnemonic ESCAPE can also guide physicians in their polymyxin prescription process: (1) Checking if the pathogen is Extensively resistant or multi-drug resistant; (2) checking the patient’s clinical status if compatible with Significant infection; (3) using Combination therapy; (4) ensuring Adequate dosing; (5) Proper preparation and administration of drug; and (6) keeping an Eye for response and adverse effects.


Subject(s)
Polymyxin B , Colistin , Polymyxins
6.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 40(9): 690-695, Sept. 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1143420

ABSTRACT

Plasmid-mediated polymyxin resistance was first described in 2015, in China, in Escherichia coli carrying the mcr-1 (Mobile Colistin Resistance-1) gene. Since then, it has become a major public health challenge worldwide, representing a major threat to human and animal health. In addition, there are still few reports on the prevalence of mcr-1 in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from humans, animals and food. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to investigate the occurrence of the mcr-1 gene in bacterial isolates with phenotypic resistance to polymyxin B obtained from clinical specimens of companion animals. Phenotypic resistance to polymyxin B were determined by broth microdilution and the susceptibility profile to other antimicrobials (amikacin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, aztreonam, cefazolin, cefepime, cefotaxime, cefoxitin, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, ertapenem, gentamicin, imipenem, marbofloxacin, meropenem, phosphomycin, piperacillin/tazobactam, tetracycline, ticarcillin/clavulanate, tobramycin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole) by disc-diffusion agar method. The extraction of bacterial DNA was performed via heat shock followed by spectrophotometric evaluation. To verify the presence of mcr-1, the Polymerase Chain Reaction was employed using specific primers, followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. The positive isolates had the corresponding amplicons sequenced. In this study, there were identified the first isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. and Enterobacter spp. carrying the mcr-1 gene derived from specimens of companion animals in Brazil. Our results suggest the dissemination of resistance to polymyxins in the community and the environment, highlighting the need for surveillance and optimized treatment guidelines.(AU)


A resistência à polimixina mediada por plasmídeo teve sua primeira descrição em 2015, na China, em Escherichia coli portadora do gene mcr-1 (Mobile Colistin Resistance-1) e a partir de então tornou-se um grande desafio para a saúde pública em todo o mundo, constituindo uma grande ameaça à saúde humana e animal. Além disso, ainda existem poucos relatos sobre a prevalência de mcr-1 em Enterobacteriaceae isoladas de humanos, animais e alimentos. Sendo assim, o objetivo do estudo foi investigar a ocorrência do gene mcr-1 em isolados bacterianos com resistência fenotípica à polimixina B, oriundos de materiais clínicos de animais de companhia. A resistência fenotípica à polimixina B foi determinada por microdiluição em caldo e o perfil de sensibilidade aos demais antimicrobianos (amicacina, amoxicilina/clavulanato, ampicilina, ampicilina/sulbactam, aztreonam, cefazolina, cefepime, cefotaxima, cefoxitina, ceftazidima, ceftriaxona, cloranfenicol, ciprofloxacina, doxiciclina, ertapenem, gentamicina, imipinem, marbofloxacino, meropenem, fosfomicina, piperacilina/tazobactam, tetraciclina, ticarcilina/clavulanato, tobramicina sulfametoxazol/trimetoprim) foram determinados pelo método disco difusão. A extração do DNA bacteriano foi realizada via choque térmico, seguido de avaliação espectrofotométrica. Para a verificação da presença do mcr-1 foi utilizada a Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase com emprego de iniciadores específicos, seguida de eletroforese em gel de agarose. Os isolados positivos tiveram os correspondentes amplicons sequenciados. Nesse estudo foram identificados os primeiros isolados de Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. e Enterobacter spp. portadores do gene mcr-1 derivados de espécimes de animais de companhia no Brasil. Este estudo sugere a disseminação da resistência às polimixinas na comunidade e no meio ambiente, destacando a necessidade de vigilância e diretrizes otimizadas de tratamento.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Polymyxin B , Genes, MDR , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Enterobacteriaceae , Cats
7.
Braz. dent. j ; 31(2): 116-121, Mar.-Apr. 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1132291

ABSTRACT

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), limewater (LW), and Polymyxin B (PMB) as irrigants over MMP-3, MMP-8 and MMP-9. Thirty-three patients with apical periodontitis of single-rooted teeth were treated according to three-experimental groups (n=11): group-1: 2.5% NaOCl was used as irrigant; group-2: 2.5% NaOCl for the first two files and LW: [0.14% Ca(OH)2] for the last two files; group-3: 2.5% NaOCl for the first two files and PMB for the last two files. The association of Ca(OH)2 and CHX was used as an intracanal medication in all groups. Four root canal samplings (S) were collected: S1) immediately after access cavity; S2) after biomechanical preparation; S3) after EDTA application; and S4) after removal of the intracanal medication. After quantification of MMP-3, MMP-8, and MMP-9, the data were analyzed by Friedman and Kruskal-Wallis tests and completed by Dunn test (5%). Regardless the used irrigant, there was no difference in reducing MMP-3 or MMP-8 (P=0,5273, P=0,7048 respectively). However, in reducing MMP-9 (P=0,0246) the NaOCl group was the most effective followed by NaOCl+LW group and NaOCl+PMB group respectively. The intracanal medication [Ca(OH)2 + CHX] with the NaOCl and NaOCl+LW was effective in reducing MMP-8 (P<0,0001, P=0,0025) and MMP-9 (P=0,0007, P=0,0047) respectively, but not for the group of NaOCl+PMB which was not effective in reducing MMP-8 or MMP-9 (P=0,1718, P=0,1953) respectively. NaOCl and NaOCl+LW were effective in reducing MMP-9 levels, and this effectivity could be improved by the use of the intracanal medication [Ca(OH)2 + CHX] in reducing MMP-8 and MMP-9 levels.


Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o hipoclorito de sódio (NaOCl), água de cal (LW) e polimixina B (PMB) como soluções irrigadoras sobre MMP-3, MMP-8 e MMP-9. Trinta e três pacientes com periodontite apical de dentes unirradiculares foram tratados de acordo com três grupos experimentais (n= 11): grupo 1: 2,5% NaOCl foi usado como solução irrigadora; grupo-2: NaOCl a 2,5% para as duas primeiras limas e LW: [0,14% Ca(OH)2] para as duas últimas limas; group-3: 2.5% NaOCl para as duas primeiras limas e PMB para as duas últimas limas. A associação de Ca(OH)2 e CHX foi utilizada como medicação intracanal em todos os grupos. Quatro amostras de canais radiculares (S) foram coletadas: S1) imediatamente após a cirurgia de acesso; S2) após o preparo biomecânico; S3) após aplicação do EDTA; e S4) após a remoção da medicação intracanal. Após a quantificação das MMP-3, MMP-8 e MMP-9, os dados foram analisados pelos testes de Friedman e Kruskal-Wallis e completados pelo teste de Dunn (5%). Independentemente da solução irrigadora utilizada, não houve diferença na redução de MMP-3 ou MMP-8 (P= 0,5273, P= 0,7048 respectivamente). No entanto, na redução de MMP-9 (P= 0,0246) o grupo NaOCl foi o mais eficaz, seguido pelo grupo NaOCl+LW e grupo NaOCl+PMB, respectivamente. A medicação intracanal [Ca(OH)2 + CHX] com o NaOCl e NaOCl+LW foi eficaz na redução de MMP-8 (P<0,0001, P= 0,0025) e MMP-9 (P= 0,0007, P= 0,0047) respectivamente, mas não para o grupo de NaOCl+PMB que não foi eficaz na redução de MMP-8 ou MMP-9 (P= 0,1718, P= 0,1953), respectivamente. NaOCl e NaOCl+LW foram eficazes na redução dos níveis de MMP-9, e esta efetividade pode ser melhorada pelo uso da medicação intracanal [Ca(OH)2+CHX] na redução dos níveis de MMP-8 e MMP-9.


Subject(s)
Humans , Periapical Periodontitis , Sodium Hypochlorite , Polymyxin B , Root Canal Irrigants , Chlorhexidine , Root Canal Preparation , Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 , Dental Pulp Cavity
8.
ABCS health sci ; 44(2): 147-150, 11 out 2019. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1022408

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: O processo de hiperpigmentação cutânea envolve mecanismos bioquímicos e imunológicos que estimulam a melanogênese e apesar da nefrotoxicidade consistir na reação adversa mais relevante da polimixina B, o antimicrobiano também está associado a esta alteração. RELATO DE CASO: Caso 1: paciente masculino diagnosticado com Linfoma de Hodgkin, que desenvolveu hiperpigmentação cutânea após iniciar tratamento com meropenem, anidulafungina e polimixina B devido a um quadro de choque séptico. Caso 2: paciente masculino admitido na UTI por rebaixamento do nível de consciência e suspeita de IAMCSST, diagnosticado com endocardite e pericardite, que também apresentou hiperpigmentação cutânea durante terapia com anfotericina B e polimixina B. CONCLUSÃO: Após criteriosa avaliação da ordem cronológica e medicamentos utilizados pelos pacientes, concluímos que a polimixina B desencadeou a hiperpigmentação em ambos. Por fim, baseado ao mecanismo desta reação e aos achados científicos, estudos clínicos que possam evidenciar um provável efeito farmacológico com o uso de antagonistas H2 são necessários.


INTRODUCTION: The skin hyperpigmentation process involves biochemical and immunological mechanisms that stimulate melanogenesis and although nephrotoxicity consists of the most relevant adverse reaction of polymyxin B, it is also associated with this changes. CASE REPORT: Case 1: male patient, diagnosed with Hodgkin's Lymphoma, who developed skin hyperpigmentation after starting treatment with meropenem, anidulafungin and polymyxin B due to a septic shock. Case 2: male patient, admitted to the ICU for decreased level of consciousness and suspected STEMI, diagnosed with endocarditis and pericarditis, who also presented skin hyperpigmentation during therapy with amphotericin B and polymyxin B. CONCLUSION: After careful evaluation of chronological order and drugs used by patients, we conclude that polymyxin B caused hyperpigmentation in both patients. Finally, based on the mechanism of this reaction and the scientific findings, clinical studies that may evidence a probable pharmacological effect with the use of H2 antagonists are required.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Polymyxin B/administration & dosage , Polymyxin B/adverse effects , Polymyxin B/therapeutic use , Hyperpigmentation/pathology , Hyperpigmentation/drug therapy , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/drug therapy , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
9.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 23(1): 60-65, Jan.-Feb. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1039221

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Polymyxin B is one of the last resort option for carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) bloodstream infection in China. Therefore, the timing of administration of polymyxin is frequently delayed. We collected 40 cases of CRKP bloodstream infections (BSIs) treated with combinations based on polymyxin B over 30 months. The primary outcome, 30-day mortality rate, was 52.5% (21/40). Early administration of polymyxin B is meant to administer the drug within 48 h of diagnosing bacteremia. Delayed administration was considered when polymyxin B was administered after 48 h of bacteremia onset. Polymyxin B duration and total dosages were similar in the two groups (11.57 days versus 11.76 days, p = 0.919; 1306.52 mg versus 1247.06 mg, p = 0.711). Compared with delayed administration, early use of polymyxin B-based combination therapy had a significant increase in the rate of bacterial clearance (65.22% versus 29.41%, p = 0.025; OR = 0.533) and decreased 30-day mortality (39.13% versus 70.59%, p = 0.045; OR = 0.461) and overall mortality (43.48% versus 82.35%, p = 0.022; OR = 0.321).


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Polymyxin B/administration & dosage , Klebsiella Infections/drug therapy , Bacteremia/drug therapy , Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae/drug effects , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Klebsiella Infections/mortality , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Reproducibility of Results , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Bacteremia/mortality , Kaplan-Meier Estimate
10.
Braz. dent. j ; 29(6): 555-561, Nov.-Dec. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-974188

ABSTRACT

Abstract Bleaching gel containing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) cause damages in pulp tissue. This study investigated the action of a topical anti-inflammatory, the Otosporin®, in rats' bleached teeth with the null hypothesis of which the Otosporin® is no able to minimize the pulp inflammation that bleaching gel generates. The rat's molars were divided into groups: BLE: bleached (35% H2O2 concentration /single application of 30 min); BLE-O: bleached followed by Otosporin® (10 min); and control: placebo gel. In the second day after dental bleaching, the rats were killed, and the jaws were processed for hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemistry analysis for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-17. The data collected were subjected to Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn statistical tests with at a 5% level of significance (p<0.05). The BLE group had moderate to strong inflammation in the occlusal third of the coronary pulp, with necrotic areas; and BLE-O, mild inflammation (p<0.05). There was a significant difference in the occlusal and middle thirds of the coronary pulp between the BLE with BLE-O and control groups (p<0.05). There was no difference in the cervical third (p>0.05). The BLE group had a high immunoexpression of TNF-α than BLE-O and control groups (p<0.05), with moderate and mild immunoexpression, respectively. Regarding IL-6 and IL-17, the BLE group had higher immunoexpression than control (p<0.05); the BLE-O was similar to the control (p>0.05). The topical anti-inflammatory Otosporin® can reduce pulp inflammation after dental bleaching in the rat teeth.


Resumo O gel clareador à base de peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2) causa danos ao tecido pulpar. Este estudo investigou a ação de um anti-inflamatório tópico, o Otosporin®, nos dentes de ratos clareados com a hipótese nula de que o Otosporin® não é capaz de minimizar a inflamação da polpa gerada pelo gel clareador. Os molares dos ratos foram divididos em grupos: ClA: clareado (H2O2 a 35% / aplicação única de 30 min); CLA-O: clareado seguido do Otosporin® (10 min); e controle: gel placebo. No segundo dia após a clareação dentária, os ratos foram mortos e suas maxilas foram processadas para análise de hematoxilina-eosina e imunohistoquímica para o fator de necrose tumoral alfa (TNF-a), interleucina (IL)-6 e IL-17. Os dados coletados foram submetidos aos testes estatísticos de Kruskal-Wallis e Dunn com um nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05). O grupo CLA apresentou inflamação moderada à severa no terço oclusal da polpa coronária, com áreas necróticas; e CLA-O, inflamação leve (p<0,05). Houve diferença significativa nos terços oclusal e médio da polpa coronária entre o grupo CLA com os grupos CLA-O e controle (p<0,05). Não houve diferença no terço cervical (p>0,05). O grupo CLA apresentou maior imunoexpressão para TNF-a comparado aos grupos CLA-O e controle (p<0,05), com imunoexpressão moderada e leve, respectivamente. Em relação a IL-6 e IL-17, o grupo CLA apresentou maior imunoexpressão comparado ao controle (p<0,05); o CLA-O foi semelhante ao controle (p>0,05). O anti-inflamatório tópico Otosporin® pode reduzir a inflamação pulpar após clareação em dentes de ratos.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Polymyxin B/pharmacology , Pulpitis/chemically induced , Pulpitis/prevention & control , Tooth Bleaching/adverse effects , Hydrocortisone/pharmacology , Neomycin/pharmacology , Hydrocortisone/administration & dosage , Immunohistochemistry , Biomarkers/analysis , Administration, Topical , Interleukin-6/analysis , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/analysis , Interleukin-17/analysis , Drug Combinations , Hydrogen Peroxide/adverse effects
11.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 22(1): 51-54, Jan.-feb. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, SES-SP, SESSP-IDPCPROD, SES-SP | ID: biblio-1039210

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT A retrospective cohort study, were evaluated: polymyxin B plus aminoglycosides or polymyxin B plus other antibiotics. Any degree of acute kidney injury occurred in 26 (86.6%) patients. The median time to acute kidney injury was 6.0 (95% CI 3-14) days in the polymyxin-aminoglycoside containing regimen group, against 27.0 (95% CI 6-42) days in the polymyxin with other antimicrobial combinations group (p = 0.03). Polymyxin B with aminoglycosides group progressed faster to any degree of renal dysfunction.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Polymyxin B/therapeutic use , Enterobacteriaceae Infections/drug therapy , Kidney/drug effects , Mediastinitis/microbiology , Mediastinitis/drug therapy , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Carbapenems/pharmacology , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Statistics, Nonparametric , Risk Assessment , beta-Lactam Resistance/drug effects , Enterobacteriaceae Infections/mortality , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Acute Kidney Injury/chemically induced , Aminoglycosides/therapeutic use , Mediastinitis/mortality
12.
Korean Journal of Dermatology ; : 624-627, 2018.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-719004

ABSTRACT

Allergic contact dermatitis is an inflammatory condition associated with periorbital erythema, edema, and pruritus. The periorbital skin is relatively thin compared with the skin over other facial areas; therefore, it is vulnerable to allergen penetration and may show a variety of cutaneous manifestations. Recently, vision enhancement surgery is a widely performed procedure, and the prevalence of senile cataract and glaucoma is increasing. The prevalence of periocular allergic contact dermatitis is increasing secondary to the growing use of topical ophthalmic medications. Several studies in Korea have reported periocular allergic contact dermatitis secondary to the use of topical ophthalmic medications including latanoprost (Latano®), fluorometholone (Tolon®), polymyxin B (Terramycin®), atropine sulfate (Atropine®), neomycin sulfate (Cambison®), and befunolol hydrochloride (Bentos®), among others. However, ofloxacin (Effexin®)-induced allergic contact dermatitis has not been reported in the domestic and/or foreign literature. We report a case of periocular allergic contact dermatitis secondary to the use of ofloxacin ophthalmic ointment.


Subject(s)
Atropine , Cataract , Dermatitis, Allergic Contact , Edema , Erythema , Fluorometholone , Glaucoma , Korea , Neomycin , Ofloxacin , Polymyxin B , Prevalence , Pruritus , Skin
13.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 48(3): 509-514, July-Sept. 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-889143

ABSTRACT

Abstract The production of KPC (Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase) is the major mechanism of resistance to carbapenem agents in enterobacterias. In this context, forty KPC-producing Enterobacter spp. clinical isolates were studied. It was evaluated the activity of antimicrobial agents: polymyxin B, tigecycline, ertapenem, imipenem and meropenem, and was performed a comparison of the methodologies used to determine the susceptibility: broth microdilution, Etest® (bioMérieux), Vitek 2® automated system (bioMérieux) and disc diffusion. It was calculated the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for each antimicrobial and polymyxin B showed the lowest concentrations for broth microdilution. Errors also were calculated among the techniques, tigecycline and ertapenem were the antibiotics with the largest and the lower number of discrepancies, respectively. Moreover, Vitek 2® automated system was the method most similar compared to the broth microdilution. Therefore, is important to evaluate the performance of new methods in comparison to the reference method, broth microdilution.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Bacterial Proteins/metabolism , beta-Lactamases/metabolism , Enterobacteriaceae Infections/microbiology , Klebsiella Infections/microbiology , Klebsiella pneumoniae/drug effects , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , beta-Lactamases/genetics , beta-Lactams/pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Enterobacter/drug effects , Enterobacter/genetics , Enterobacter/isolation & purification , Klebsiella pneumoniae/classification , Klebsiella pneumoniae/genetics , Klebsiella pneumoniae/isolation & purification , Polymyxin B/pharmacology
14.
Brasília; CONITEC; mar. 2017. g, tab.
Non-conventional in Portuguese | LILACS, BRISA | ID: biblio-906981

ABSTRACT

CONTEXTO: Otite externa aguda é uma inflamação que ocorre na orelha externa ­ pavilhão e canal auditivos. Essa condição clínica é caracterizada pelo acometimento da pele e do tecido subcutâneo, sendo a infecção bacteriana a principal causa. O paciente com essa doença tem inflamação no local, acompanhada de intensa dor e secreção. Além disso, experimenta dificuldades de audição, que deixam de existir com a cura da condição clínica. São alternativas terapêuticas para pacientes com otite externa aguda a assepsia (remoção de cerume e limpeza local), aplicação tópica de antibióticos, anti-inflamatórios esteroides e anestésicos, além da administração por via oral de analgésicos e antibióticos. Há no Brasil diversas apresentações farmacêuticas registradas para o tratamento da otite externa aguda. Contudo, nenhuma delas integra a Relação Nacional de Medicamentos Essenciais ­ RENAME. PERGUNTA: Qual alternativa terapêutica é mais eficaz/efetiva e segura para o tratamento de pacientes com otite externa aguda? EVIDÊNCIAS CIENTÍFICAS: Evidências clínicas: foi realizada revisão sistemática para sintetizar as evidências disponíveis sobre eficácia/efetividade e segurança de alternativas terapêuticas para o tratamento de pacientes com otite externa aguda. Foram incluídos dois estudos que avaliam alternativas terapêuticas disponíveis no Brasil. Um dos estudos aponta que a utilização de ciprofloxacino 2 mg/mL se mostrou mais eficaz em curar a doença em menos tempo que a associação entre polimixina B 10.000 UI, neomicina 3,5 mg/mL, hidrocortisona 10 mg/mL. O outro estudo concluiu que tanto ciprofloxacino 2 mg/mL associado a hidrocortisona 10 mg/mL quanto polimixina B 10.000 UI, neomicina 3,5 mg/mL, hidrocortisona 10 mg/mL são semelhantes em resolver o quadro de dor entre seis e sete dias. Para ampliar a análise, nova seleção de estudos foi feita incluindo a avaliação de medicamentos com equivalentes classes farmacêuticas no Brasil. Foram incluídos doze estudos. Foi notada maior eficácia da utilização de quinolona em relação à associação entre não quinolonas e anti-inflamatório esteroide em relação à cura em sete a dez dias de acompanhamento. Avaliação de custo-efetividade: foi realizada avaliação de custo-efetividade em virtude da diferença na eficácia entre quinolona e a associação entre não quinolonas e anti-inflamatório esteroide. Os preços considerados para as alternativas foram os Preços Fabrica definidos pela Câmara de Regulação do Mercado de Medicamentos ­ CMED. Foi construída árvore de decisão para avaliar o desfecho de cura clínica em sete a dez dias. O custo foi representado pelo valor monetário do medicamento e a efetividade pela cura clínica em sete a dez dias. A razão de custo-efetividade incremental de quinolona em relação à associação entre não quinolonas e anti-inflamatório esteroide foi de R$ 136,25. Esse é o valor necessário para que o tratamento com quinolona proporcione uma cura clínica a mais em relação à associação entre não quinolonas e anti-inflamatório esteroide. Avaliação de Impacto Orçamentário: Compreendendo o período entre os anos de 2017 e 2021, foram consideradas as projeções populacionais calculadas pelo IBGE, as taxas de atendimentos de pacientes com otite externa aguda e a cobertura da atenção básica pelo SUS no Brasil. Considerando a perspectiva de financiamento pelo Componente Básico da Assistência Farmacêutica, além do impacto orçamentário total, foram calculados o impacto orçamentário médio por município e por habitante. O impacto orçamentário total em cinco anos para a potencial incorporação de quinolona foi de R$ 87.362.082,52 e para a da associação entre não quinolonas e anti-inflamatório esteroide foi de R$ 16.373.657,88. Os respectivos valores médios por município foram de R$ 15.684,40 e R$ 2.939,62. O impacto orçamentário médio por habitante foi de R$ 0,4148 para quinolona e R$ 0,0778 para a associação entre não quinolonas e anti-inflamatório esteroide. DISCUSSÃO: São escassos os estudos sobre alternativas terapêuticas disponíveis no Brasil. A avaliação por classes farmacêuticas deve se dar com cautela, haja vista a pequena quantidade de estudos disponíveis e a heterogeneidade entre eles. Por meio da evidência disponível, pouco se sabe sobre os efeitos atribuídos a cada princípio ativo. Para a seleção de medicamentos antimicrobianos, pode ser importante avaliar, em vez de uma infecção isolada, um conjunto de infecções para verificar os potenciais benefícios e riscos de se optar por um determinado medicamento. RECOMENDAÇÃO DA CONITEC: A matéria será disponibilizada em Consulta Pública com recomendação preliminar desfavorável à incorporação de medicamentos tópicos para o tratamento de otite externa aguda. CONSULTA PÚBLICA: Foram recebidas três contribuições técnico-científicas e 2 contribuições de experiência ou opinião. Todas as contribuições técnico-científicas continham argumentação técnico-científica contra a recomendação inicial da Conitec. As contribuições de experiência ou opinião também foram contra a recomendação inicial da Conitec. No geral, houve evidências com potencial de alteração desta recomendação. DELIBERAÇÃO FINAL: Por recomendar a incorporação da associação entre sulfato de polimixina B 10.000 UI, sulfato de neomicina 3,5 mg/mL, fluocinolona acetonida 0,25 mg/mL e cloridrato de lidocaína 20 mg/mL, apresentada em frasco com 5 mL, para otite externa aguda. DECISÃO: Incorporar a associação de sulfato de polimixina B 10.000 UI, sulfato de neomicina 3,5 mg/mL, fluocinolona acetonida 0,25 mg/mL e cloridrato de lidocaína 20 mg/mL, apresentada em frasco com 5 mL, para otite externa aguda no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde ­SUS. Decisão dada pela Portaria SCTIE-MS nº 15 publicada no Diário Oficial da União (DOU) nº 58, de 24 de março de 2017, pág. 107.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Fluocinolone Acetonide/therapeutic use , Lidocaine/therapeutic use , Neomycin/therapeutic use , Otitis Externa/drug therapy , Polymyxin B/therapeutic use , Brazil , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Drug Combinations , Technology Assessment, Biomedical , Unified Health System
15.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 34(1): 7-13, feb. 2017. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-844438

ABSTRACT

Background: The rise of infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram negative bacilli (MDR-GNB), added to paucity of newer therapy, have led to increase polymyxin B use, despite adverse renal toxicity profile. Aim: To determine the incidence and risk factors associated to acute kidney injury (AKI) and polymyxin B use, in patients with infections caused by MDR-GNB. Methods: A retrospective cohort, with a nested case-control study of adults who received polymyxin B for more than 48 hours at a tertiary university hospital in Colombia (2011-2015) was performed. AKI was defined by AKIN criteria. Results: Of 139 patients included in our study, 102 were male with median age of 49 years (IQR:28-64). Sixty-one patients (44%) developed AKI. Independent risk factors for development of AKI included: total polymyxin B daily dose (OR = 2.19, 95% CI, 1.04-4.64); length of stay at ICU (OR = 1.03, 95% CI, 1.00-1.06); nosocomial infection (OR = 6.43, 95% CI, 2.12, -19.47); and vasopressor use (OR = 5.38, 95% CI, 2.40-12.07). Mortality was higher among AKI-patients (58.6%) compared with non-AKI patients (25.6%) (p = 0.001). Conclusion: In this study, the rate of AKI associated to polymyxin B use was greater than reported in studies from last decade, and associated with increased mortality. AKI associated to polymyxin B use is likely multifactorial and aggravated by the critically ill state of patients suffering nosocomial infections caused by mdr-gnb.


Introducción: El surgimiento de infecciones graves causadas por bacilos gramnegativos multi-resistentes (BGN-MR), sumado a la carencia de nuevas opciones terapéuticas efectivas, ha llevado a retomar el uso de polimixina B, a pesar de su perfil de nefrotoxicidad. Objetivo: Determinar la incidencia y factores relacionados con el desarrollo de nefrotoxicidad asociada al uso de polimixina B, en pacientes adultos con infecciones causadas por BGN-MR. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio observacional, analítico, tipo cohorte histórica, con un análisis de casos y controles anidado, realizado en un hospital universitario de tercer nivel de Colombia entre 2011 y 2015, en pacientes que recibieron polimixina B intravenosa por más de 48 h. Resultados: De 139 pacientes incluidos en el estudio, 61 (44%) desarrollaron falla renal aguda por criterios AKIN. Los factores de riesgo independientes para nefrotoxicidad fueron: dosis diaria de polimixina B (OR 2,19; IC 95% 1,04-4,64), días de estancia en UCI (OR 1,03; IC 95% 1,00-1,06), presencia de infección nosocomial (OR 6,43; IC 95% 2,12-19,47) y requerimiento de fármacos vasopresores (OR 5,38; IC 95%: 2,40-12,07). Conclusión: La tasa de nefrotoxicidad observada en pacientes que recibieron polimixina B es considerable; su origen probablemente multifactorial y agravada por estado crítico de pacientes con infecciones nosocomiales por BGN-MR.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Polymyxin B/adverse effects , Acute Kidney Injury/chemically induced , Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects , Polymyxin B/therapeutic use , Epidemiologic Methods , Incidence , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Colombia/epidemiology , Acute Kidney Injury/epidemiology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
16.
Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines (English Ed.) ; (6): 487-494, 2017.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-812089

ABSTRACT

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) contamination in herbal crude polysaccharides is inevitable. The present study was performed to explore the effect of polymyxin B on abolishing the influence of LPS contamination in mononuclear cells. LPS was pretreated with polymyxin B sulfate (PB) at different concentrations for 1, 5 or 24 h, and then used to stimulate RAW264.7 and mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPMs). The nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in cell culture supernatant, as the indications of cell response, were assayed. Bupleurum chinensis polysaccharides (BCPs) with trace amount contamination of LPS was treated with PB. 30 μg·mL of PB, treating LPS (10 and 1 000 ng·mL in stimulating RAW264.7 and MPMs respectively) at 37 °C for 24 h, successfully abolished the stimulating effect of LPS on the cells. When the cells were stimulated with LPS, BCPs further promoted NO production. However, pretreated with PB, BCPs showed a suppression of NO production in MPMs and no change in RAW264.7. In the in vitro experiments, LPS contamination in polysaccharide might bring a great interference in assessing the activity of drug. Pretreatment with PB (30 μg·mL) at 37 °C for 24 h was sufficient to abolish the effects of LPS contamination (10 and 1 000 ng·mL).


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Bupleurum , Chemistry , Drug Contamination , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharmacology , Lipopolysaccharides , Macrophages , Metabolism , Nitric Oxide , Metabolism , Polymyxin B , Pharmacology , Polysaccharides , Pharmacology , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha , Metabolism
17.
Electron. j. biotechnol ; 19(6): 38-42, Nov. 2016. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-840311

ABSTRACT

Background: Mannheimia haemolytica is the primary bacterial pathogen in causing bovine respiratory disease with tremendous annual losses in the cattle industry. The leukotoxin from M. haemolytica is the predominant virulence factor. Several leukotoxin activity assays are available but not standardized regarding sample preparation and cell line. Furthermore, these assays suffer from a high standard error, a prolonged time consumption and often complex sample pretreatments, which is important from the bioprocess engineering point of view. Results: Within this study, an activity assay based on the continuous cell line BL3.1 combined with a commercial available adenosine triphosphate viability assay kit was established. The leukotoxin activity was found to be strongly dependent on the sample preparation. Furthermore, the interfering effect of lipopolysaccharides in the sample could be successfully suppressed by adding polymyxin B. We reached a maximum relative P95 value of 14%, which is more than seven times lower compared to current available assays as well as a time reduction up to 88%. Conclusion: Ultimately, the established leukotoxin activity assay is simple, fast and has a high reproducibility. Critical parameters regarding the sample preparation were characterized and optimized making complex sample purification superfluous.


Subject(s)
Animals , Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex/microbiology , Exotoxins/analysis , Mannheimia haemolytica/pathogenicity , Microbiological Techniques , Adenosine Triphosphate , Lipopolysaccharides , Polymyxin B
18.
Braz. dent. j ; 27(5): 573-577, Sept.-Oct. 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-828032

ABSTRACT

Abstract This clinical study investigated the effects of endodontic treatment by using different irrigants (limewater + NaOCl and polymyxin B + NaOCl) and intracanal medication on endotoxins in teeth with primary endodontic infection and radiographically visible apical periodontitis. Thirty-three teeth with necrotic pulp and periapical lesions from different patients were selected for this study. Samples were collected after the coronal opening (S1) and after instrumentation (S2). Root canals were divided in 3 groups (n = 11) according to the irrigant combination used: NaOCl + LW: 2.5% NaOCl + calcium hydroxide solution (0.14%, limewater); NaOCl + PmB: 2.5% NaOCl + 10.000 UI/mL polymyxin B; 2.5% NaOCl (control). The third sampling (S3) was performed after ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and the fourth (S4) after samples got 14 days with intracanal medication with 2% chlorhexidine gel + calcium hydroxide. Endotoxins (lipopolysaccharide) were quantified by chromogenic Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL). Endotoxins were detected in all root canals after the coronal opening (S1). NaOCl + PmB group presented the greatest endotoxin reduction after instrumentation (76.17%), similar to NaOCl + LW group (67.64%, p<0.05) and different from NaOCl group (42.17%, p<0.05). After intracanal medication period (S4), there was significant increase of endotoxins neutralization. It was concluded that NaOCl + PmB promoted the greatest reduction of endotoxin levels, followed by NaOCl + LW. Intracanal medications had no significant complementary role in the reduction of endotoxins at the end of the treatment


Resumo Este estudo clínico investigou os efeitos do tratamento endodôntico com uso de diferentes irrigantes (NaOCl + água de cal e NaOCl + polimixina B) e medicação intracanal sobre endotoxinas em dentes com infecção endodôntica primária e presença de lesão periapical visível radiograficamente. Foram selecionados para o estudo trinta e três dentes de pacientes que apresentavam necrose pulpar e presença de lesão periapical. As amostras foram coletadas após a abertura coronária (S1) e após a instrumentação (S2). Os canais radiculares foram divididos em 3 grupos (n = 11) de acordo com a combinação de irrigantes utilizada: NaOCl + LW:- hipoclorito de sódio 2,5% + solução de hidróxido de cálcio (água de cal 0,14%); NaOCl + PmB: hipoclorito de sódio a 2,5% + polimixina B 10.000 UI/mL; NaOCl (controle): hipoclorito de sódio a 2,5%. A terceira coleta (S3) foi realizada após aplicação do ácido etilenodiamino tetra acético (EDTA) e a quarta coleta (S4) após 14 dias de medicação intracanal de hidróxido de cálcio + clorexidina gel 2%. Endotoxinas (lipopolissacarídeos) foram quantificadas pelo ensaio cromogênico do lisado de amebócitos de Limulus (LAL). Endotoxinas foram detectadas em todos os canais radiculares após abertura coronária (S1). Grupo NaOCl + PmB apresentou a maior redução de endotoxinas após a instrumentação (76,17%), sendo similar ao grupo NaOCl + LW (67,64%, P >.05) e diferente do grupo NaOCl (42,17%, P <.05). Após o período de medicação intracanal, houve aumento significativo da neutralização de endotoxinas. Concluiu-se que NaOCl + PmB promoveu a maior redução dos níveis de endotoxinas, seguido de NaOCl + LW. A medicação intracanal não teve um papel complementar significativo na redução de endotoxinas no final do tratamento.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Endotoxins/administration & dosage , Polymyxin B/administration & dosage , Root Canal Therapy/methods
19.
The Korean Journal of Critical Care Medicine ; : 123-128, 2016.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-770936

ABSTRACT

Although shock in sepsis is usually managed successfully by conventional medical treatment, a subset of cases do not respond and may require salvage therapies such as veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) support as well as an attempt to remove endotoxins. However, there are limited reports of attempts to remove endotoxins in patients with septic shock on VA ECMO support. We recently experienced a case of septic shock with severe myocardial injury whose hemodynamic improvement was unsatisfactory despite extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. Since the cause of sepsis was acute pyelonephritis and blood cultures grew gram-negative bacilli, we additionally applied polymyxin B direct hemoperfusion (PMX-DHP) to the ECMO circuit and were able to successfully taper off vasopressors and wean off ECMO support. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first adult case in which PMX-DHP in addition to ECMO support was successfully utilized in a patient with septic shock. This case indicates that additional PMX-DHP therapy may be beneficial and technically feasible in patients with septic shock with severe myocardial injury refractory to ECMO support.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Cardiomyopathies , Endotoxins , Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation , Hemodynamics , Hemoperfusion , Membranes , Oxygen , Polymyxin B , Polymyxins , Pyelonephritis , Salvage Therapy , Sepsis , Shock , Shock, Septic
20.
Bauru; s.n; 2016. 109 p. graf, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-881174

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o uso do cetorolaco de trometamina 10mg sublingual 30 minutos antes do procedimento de biopulpectomia em pacientes com pulpite irreversível com relação à dor antes do procedimento e nas 48 horas subsequentes, a quantidade de medicação consumida no pós-operatório e tempo esperado para sua utilização. Também foi avaliada a influência da anestesia intrapulpar, o uso da automedicação analgésica antes da procura pelo atendimento e diferença entre gêneros sobre os níveis de dor pré e pós-operatória. Propôs-se avaliar também a necessidade da presença do antibiótico na medicação intracanal, comparando o Otosporin® com hidrocortisona. Participaram da pesquisa 608 pacientes que procuraram o Setor de Urgência Odontológica da Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru ou o Setor Odontológico do Pronto Socorro Central da Prefeitura Municipal de Bauru, sendo que 34 completaram de forma adequada o protocolo previsto. Foram divididos em 4 grupos que receberam cetorolaco ou placebo como medicação pré-operatória e Otosporin® ou hidrocortisona como medicação intracanal. Foram anotados os valores de intensidade de dor, em uma escala visual analógica, antes da medicação pré-operatória, antes do atendimento, após o atendimento, 1, 2, 4, 12, 24, 48 horas após e quando houve necessidade de medicação pós-operatória para alívio da dor. Também foi anotado se o paciente havia se automedicado e qual a droga utilizada, se houve necessidade de anestesia intrapulpar, a quantidade de medicação consumida pelo paciente no pós-operatório e o tempo esperado para seu consumo. Dos resultados observou-se que os pacientes que receberam cetorolaco como medicação pré-operatória tiveram uma redução significativa da dor em 30 minutos, quando comparado ao placebo. Foi observado que o tempo necessário para a ingestão de medicamentos pós-operatórios não demonstrou diferença significativa entre os grupos, assim como na quantidade de medicação ingerida. O tempo decorrido entre a primeira e a última dose de medicação pós-operatória também não demonstrou diferença estatística. Com relação a anestesia intrapulpar, 78% dos pacientes necessitaram desta técnica, mas devido ao pequeno tamanho da amostra obtida, não foi possível correlacionar o seu uso com a utilização da medicação pós-operatória. Para os pacientes que se automedicaram previamente, não houve diferença significativa em relação à dor inicial. Quando os gêneros foram comparados, não foi possível observar uma diferença estatística significante entre eles com relação aos parâmetros estudados. Também foram descritos no trabalho os motivos de não inclusão dos 574 pacientes que foram abordados durante a realização deste estudo. Com base nos resultados, conclui-se que o cetorolaco diminuiu expressivamente o nível de dor durante a espera pelo atendimento, porém com relação ao tempo esperado pelo paciente para tomar a primeira dose de medicação pós-operatória, a última dose, a quantidade de comprimidos e a frequência de ingestão não demonstrou a mesma diferença. Também não houve diferença no nível de dor inicial entre os pacientes que se automedicaram e os que não fizeram uso dessa prática. Devido ao pequeno número da amostra, não foi possível encontrar uma correlação entre o uso da técnica anestésica intrapulpar e medicação pós-operatória, sugerindo mais estudos futuros.(AU)


The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of ketorolac tromethamine (10mg sublingual taken 30 minutes before pulpectomy in patients with irreversible pulpitis) in pain reduction immediately before the procedure and the 48 subsequent hours, postoperative consumption of analgesic drugs and time for its use. The influence of intrapulpal anesthesia, the use of analgesic self-medication prior to the demand for care and gender difference on the levels of pre- and postoperative pain was also evaluated. It was also proposed assess the need for antibiotic presence in the intracanal medicament, comparing Otosporin® with hydrocortisone. A total of 608 patients who presented to Dental Urgency Sector from Dental School of Bauru (USP) or Emergency Dental Sector from Bauru City Hall were invited to participate, and 34 completed properly planned protocol. They were distributed in 4 groups that received either ketorolac or placebo as preoperative medication and Otosporin® or hydrocortisone as intracanal medication. The rates of pain intensity were recorded by means of a visual analogue scale before pretreatment medication, immediately before the appointment, 1, 2, 4, 12, 24, 48 hours after the appointment, and when there was taken post medication for postoperative pain relief. It was also recorded if the patient had self medicated and which the drug used and, if there was need intrapulpal anesthesia, amount of ketorolac and rescue medication (paracetamol 750mg) consumed by the patient postoperative time and the waitng time for consumption. The results showed that patients receiving Ketorolac as preoperative medication had a significant reduction of pain in 30 minutes compared to placebo. It was observed that the time required for the intake of postoperative drug showed no significant difference between groups, as well as the amount of medication intake. The time elapsed between the first and last dose of postoperative medication also showed no statistical difference. Concerning intrapulpal anesthesia, 78% of patients required for this technique, but because of the small sample size obtained it was impossible to correlate their use with the use of postoperative medication. For patients who practiced self medication previously, there was no significant difference with respect to initial pain. When genders were compared, it was not possible to observe a statistically significant difference between them regarding the parameters studied. Were also described in the study the reasons of non-inclusion of 574 patients that were addressed during this study. Based on the results, it is concluded that ketorolac significantly decreased the level of pain during the waiting time, but with respect to the time length for the patient to take the first dose of postoperative medication, the last dose, the number of tablets and taken frequency did not show the same difference. There was no difference in the initial level of pain among patients who practiced self medication and those who did not use this practice. Due to the small sample size, it was not possible to find a correlation between the use of the anesthetic technique intrapulpal and postoperative medication, suggesting more future studies.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Anesthesia, Dental/methods , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use , Hydrocortisone/therapeutic use , Ketorolac Tromethamine/therapeutic use , Pulpectomy/methods , Pulpitis/drug therapy , Root Canal Irrigants/therapeutic use , Toothache/drug therapy , Acute Pain/drug therapy , Drug Combinations , Neomycin/therapeutic use , Pain Measurement , Polymyxin B/therapeutic use , Preoperative Care , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
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